What is the primary role of cell-mediated immunity?

The primary role of cell-mediated immunity is to destroy target cells through cytotoxic reactions. This type of immunity primarily involves T lymphocytes, specifically cytotoxic T cells, which identify and eliminate infected or aberrant cells, such as those infected with viruses or transformed by cancer. These T cells recognize specific antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of infected or abnormal cells. Upon recognition, cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis in the target cells through the release of perforin and granzymes, effectively controlling and eliminating infections and contributing to immune surveillance against tumors.

In contrast, the production of antibodies, enhancing antibody production, and promoting inflammation are more closely associated with humoral immunity and the broader immune response rather than the specific functions of cell-mediated immunity. Thus, while these processes are vital to the overall immune response, the pivotal action of cell-mediated immunity is the direct destruction of compromised host cells.